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The GNU Project is a free software, mass collaboration project, announced on 27 September 1983, by Richard Stallman at MIT. Its aim is to give computer users freedom and control in their use of their computers and computing devices, by collaboratively developing and providing software that is based on the following freedom rights: users are free to run the software, share it (copy, distribute), study it and modify it. GNU software guarantees these freedom-rights legally (via its license), and is therefore free software; the use of the word "free" always being taken to refer to freedom. In order to ensure that the ''entire'' software of a computer grants its users all freedom rights (use, share, study, modify), even the most fundamental and important part, the operating system (including all its numerous utility programs), needed to be free software. According to its manifesto, the founding goal of the project was to build a free operating system and, if possible, "everything useful that normally comes with a Unix system so that one could get along without any software that is not free." Stallman decided to call this operating system ''GNU'' (a recursive acronym meaning "''GNU's not Unix''"), basing its design on that of Unix, a proprietary operating system. Development was initiated in January 1984. In 1991, the Linux kernel appeared, developed outside of the GNU project by Linus Torvalds, and in December 1992 it was made available under version 2 of the GNU General Public License.〔''(z-archive of Linux version 0.99 )'', kernel.org, December 1992〕 Combined with the operating system utilities already developed by the GNU project, it allowed for the first operating system that was free software, known as Linux or GNU/Linux. The project's current work includes software development, awareness building, political campaigning and sharing of the new material. == Origins == Richard Stallman announced his intent to start coding the GNU Project in a Usenet message in September 1983.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=new Unix implementation )〕 When the GNU project first started they "had an Emacs text editor with Lisp for writing editor commands, a source level debugger, a yacc-compatible parser generator, and a linker".〔Wardrip-Fruin, Noah; and Nick Montfort. "The GNU Manifesto." ''The NewMediaReader''. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT, 2003. pp.545-550.〕 The GNU system required its own C compiler and tools to be free software, so that these also had to be developed. By June 1987, the project had accumulated and developed free software for an assembler, an almost finished portable optimizing C compiler (GCC), an editor (GNU Emacs), and various Unix utilities (such as ls, grep, awk, make and ld).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=GNU's Bulletin, vol. 1 no. 3 )〕 They had an initial kernel that needed more updates.Once the kernel and the compiler were finished GNU was able to be used for program development. The main goal was to create many other applications to be like the Unix system. GNU was able to run Unix programs but was not identical to it. GNU incorporated longer file names, file version numbers, and a crashproof file system. The GNU Manifesto was written to gain support and participation from others for the project. Programmers were encouraged to take part in any aspect of the project that interested them. People could donate funds, computer parts, or even their own time to write code and programs for the project.〔 The origins and development of most aspects of the GNU Project (and free software in general) are shared in a detailed narrative in the Emacs help system. (C-h g runs the Emacs editor command describe-gnu-project.) It is the same detailed history as at their web site. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「GNU Project」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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